Objective/Meaning In the current policy context of promoting mutual-aid elderly care services in China, how to transform the traditional spontaneous mutual aid in ethnic villages into standardized and sustainable modern elderly care services has become a key issue.
Methods/Procedures Drawing on the theory of public service co-production, this study examines the foundations, constraints and paths of the institutional transformation of mutual-aid elderly care services based on fieldwork and interview data collected in M Village, Yunnan Province.
Results/Conclusions The findings show that mutual-aid ethics, village elders and elderly associations provide an important foundation for institutional transformation, but this process is constrained by four major obstacles: insufficient actor coordination, weak organizational undertaking, inadequate rule guarantees and limited resource linkages. Therefore, within the framework of co-production, it is necessary to gradually promote a progressive path centered on “basic rules, organizational mechanisms and technical resources”. This study clarifies the key conditions for the institutionalization of traditional mutual-aid resources and provides practical reference for the development of mutual-aid elderly care services in related areas.