Analysis on the Development Differences and Paths of Rural Collective Economy in the Process of UrbanizationA Practice-Based Study of Tong’an District, Xiamen City

Objective/Meaning To solve the problems of inter-village differentiation, governance lag and insufficient factors in rural collective economy in “large-city, small-rural” areas under rapid urbanization, and reveal the mechanism and transformation path of development differences, this paper takes Tong’an District as an example to provide a reference and replicable paradigm for collective economy development and urban-rural integration in southeast coastal suburbs.

Methods/Procedures Based on institutional change and property rights theory, this paper constructs a “dynamic mechanism–governance structure” framework, adopts case, comparative and inductive methods, and uses 2004—2024 data of 111 villages, property rights reform, “three-capital” supervision and surveys to analyze three types of villages.

Results/Conclusions The study shows that property rights clarity, governance, factors and endowment determine collective economic performance. Through property rights reform, separation of government and economy, targeted policies, cluster development and supervision, Tong’an has improved collective economy and achieved full coverage of weak villages’ income, providing a reference for similar regions.