Objective/Meaning The role, mechanism and heterogeneous effect of agricultural productive services provided at the village level on the income growth of rural low-income households were discussed, in order to further enrich the research on the external impact of agricultural productive services, and provide reference and inspiration for improving the relevant agricultural policies.

Methods/Procedures Based on the data of China Labor Force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) from 2014 to 2018 at the village level, the OLS regression model, mediating effect model and moderating effect model were used to explore the impact of agricultural productive service provision on the income growth of rural low-income households from the perspective of rural public services.

Results/Conclusions The findings showed that: (1) The income-increasing effect of agricultural productive services on the low-income groups in rural areas was limited by the “access threshold” of service types; and the two types of agricultural productive services, namely the integrating irrigation services and the production and planting planning, which were of a higher quasi-public good nature, could have a significant positive impact on the income growth of rural low-income households due to their stronger inclusiveness and pro-poorness. (2) The coverage scope of farmers’ professional cooperatives (agricultural industry assistance) in the same village played a partial mediating effect in the process of agricultural productive services promoting the income growth of rural low-income households, whereas the popularity and use of the Internet was a positive moderating variable for the agricultural productive services to significantly increase the income of rural low-income groups. (3) The impact of village-level agricultural productive services on the income growth of rural low-income households had regional heterogeneity,while the integrating irrigation services and the production and planting planning had significant positive impact on the income growth of rural low-income groups in the northwest and eastern regions, respectively. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen the supply of inclusive agricultural productive services, and give full play to the advantages of rural economic organizations and digital technology by combining with the regional characteristics, thus to improve the social benefits of agricultural productive services.