Objective/Meaning  The agricultural mechanization was an important way to increase the income of farmers. Increasing the income of farmers was an important way to narrow the urban-rural income gap, and narrowing the urban-rural income gap was an important way to realize the rural revitalization strategy.

  Methods/Procedures  The panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020 were selected to establish a fixed effect panel regression model to deeply analyze the impact of agricultural mechanization on the increase of farmers’income and the income gap between urban and rural areas.

  Results/Conclusions  From the perspective of the whole nation, improving the level of agricultural mechanization had a positive effect on promoting the income of farmers and alleviating the income gap between urban and rural areas. If viewed by regions, the agricultural mechanization had different effects on the three regions (the eastern, central and western regions). It had a positive effect on increasing the income of farmers and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in the central and western regions, and the effect on the western region was more significant. In the eastern region, the development of agricultural mechanization would reduce the income of farmers and increase the income gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, the reasonable countermeasures were put forward on how to improve the level of agricultural mechanization, in order to improve the income of farmers and narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.