Objective/Meaning Exploring the specific pathways and spatial effects of new quality productive forces in agriculture on food security will elucidate their operational mechanisms and regional heterogeneity, thereby providing an empirical basis for systematically enhancing the resilience of food security.

Methods/Procedures Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2023, this study empirically analyzes the spatial impact effects of new-quality agricultural productivity on food security and its internal mechanisms by using the Spatial Durbin Model.

Results/Conclusions The study finds that new-quality agricultural productivity significantly improves the food security level of the local region and generates positive inter-regional spatial spillover effects. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the promoting effects of new-quality agricultural productivity on the food security levels in the eastern regions, non-major grain-producing areas, and regions with high-tech investment are more prominent. The mechanism tests confirm that new-quality agricultural productivity can indirectly enhance food security by optimizing the agricultural industrial structure and improving the agricultural green total factor productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a regional collaborative governance system to activate the spatial spillover effects, deepen the optimization path of the industrial structure, improve the technical empowerment system for agricultural green total factor productivity, and implement regionally differentiated guarantee policies to systematically enhance the resilience of food security.