Objective/Meaning Exploring the specific pathways and spatial effects of new quality productive forces in agriculture on the food security will elucidate their operational mechanisms and regional heterogeneity, thereby providing an empirical basis for systematically enhancing the resilience of food security.

Methods/Procedures Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2023, the spatial impact effects of new-quality agricultural productivity on the food security and its internal mechanisms were empirically analyzed by using the Spatial Durbin Model.

Results/Conclusions The study found that the new-quality agricultural productivity significantly improved the level of food security in the local region and had positive inter-regional spatial spillover effects. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the promoting effects of new-quality agricultural productivity on the food security levels in the eastern regions, non-major grain-producing areas, and the regions with high-tech investment were more prominent. The mechanism tests confirmed that the new-quality agricultural productivity could indirectly enhance the food security by optimizing the agricultural industrial structure and improving the agricultural green total factor productivity. Therefore, it was necessary to establish a regional collaborative governance system to activate the spatial spillover effects, deepen the optimization path of the industrial structure, improve the technical empowerment system for the agricultural green total factor productivity, and implement the regional differentiated guarantee policies, so as to systematically enhance the resilience of food security.