Objective/Meaning  Exploring the impact and path of the digital economy development of RCEP member countries on the dual margins of China’s agricultural exports could provide decision-making reference for China to enable the high-quality development of agricultural product exports through the digital economy under the RCEP framework.

Methods/Procedures  The index system was established from the perspectives of digital infrastructure construction, digital technology external competition, digital economy innovation environment and digital application, so as to measure the development level of digital economy. The H-K method was used to calculate the dual margins (intensive margin and extensive margin) of China’s agricultural products exported to other member countries of RCEP, and the multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of the development level of digital economy on the dual margins of China’s agricultural product exports.

Results/Conclusions  The results showed that the development level of China’s digital economy was growing rapidly and was in a leading position in the region. In China’s agricultural exports to other RCEP member countries, the intensive margin showed relatively large changes with prominent differences among countries, while the extensive margin was generally at a high level with relatively small changes. The development level of digital economy in China had a promoting effect on the binary margin of China’s agricultural product exports, while the development level of digital economy in other RCEP member countries played an inhibitory effect on the extensive margin. The impact was heterogeneous at the national level and product level, and the trade costs and trade fluctuations played regulatory role in it. Accordingly, the countermeasures were put forward including further strengthening the role of digital economy in promoting the agricultural trade to improve the quality of agricultural economy, adopting the differentiated strategies to expand the export markets so as to achieve the win-win cooperation, and appropriately responding to the trade costs and fluctuations to ensure the trade in agricultural products.