Objective/Meaning The development of new agricultural productivity is the core path to promote agricultural modernization and break the bottleneck of rural revitalization.

Methods/Procedures Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2024, the development level of new agricultural productivity was measured and its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and evolution trend were analyzed. The four-in-one index system of “agricultural science and technology innovation-agricultural green development-agricultural digital intelligence-agricultural development value” was constructed, and the entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient, Kernel density analysis and standard deviation ellipse were used.

Results/Conclusions The results showed that: (1) Spatial and temporal evolution: the overall agricultural new quality productivity showed an accelerating growth trend, and the spatial pattern experienced the evolution process of “single point agglomeration in Northeast China-continuous expansion in East and Central China-global gradient infiltration”. (2) The distribution of nuclear density shows the characteristics of 'multi-peak convergence and polarization highlighting'. A multi-polarization trend is formed at the national level. The eastern region continues to lead and the internal differences expand. The central region steadily catches up and differentiates. The western region rises slowly and the internal imbalance intensifies. In terms of regional differences, the average value of the overall Gini coefficient is 0.1647, showing a steady fluctuation trend. Interregional differences are the main source of overall differences, and intraregional differences show the pattern of eastern > western > central; the spatial center of gravity continued to migrate to the southwest, the standard deviation ellipse showed a “northeast-southwest” distribution pattern, and the spatial distribution showed a clear trend of centripetal agglomeration.