Objective/Meaning The development of new quality productivity is the key to realize the high-quality economic development. The impact of new quality productivity on the income gap between the urban and rural areas were empirically discussed, in order to provide the new paths for optimizing the layout of new quality productivity, promoting the regional coordinated development, alleviating the urban-rural income gap and achieving the common prosperity.

Methods/Procedures On the basis of clarifying the spatial and temporal evolution and regional differences between the new quality productivity and the urban-rural income gap, the paths of the new quality productivity affecting the income gap between the urban and rural areas were discussed from different perspectives.

Results/Conclusions The results showed that: (1) The income gap between the urban and rural areas has showed the downward trend year by year, and the urban-rural income gap in the central and western regions were larger than that in the eastern regions. The Gini coefficient has showed the trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and the difference between the regions, especially between the eastern and western regions, was the primary source of the Gini coefficient of urban-rural income gap. The new quality productivity has risen in the fluctuation, and the new quality productivity in the eastern regions was greatly ahead of that in the central and western regions. (2) The new quality productivity has narrowed the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the entrepreneurial activity and the upgrading of industrial structure were the action mechanism of new productivity affecting the urban-rural income gap. The negative impact of new quality productivity on the income gap between urban and rural areas has showed the marginal decreasing trend. At the same time, there was also the moderating influence of entrepreneurial activity and the upgrading of industrial structure.