Abstract: By using the theories and methods of plant molecular biology and biotechnology, both sides of the Taiwan Straits had made great progress in agricultural science and plant science, and brought out a certain socio-economic effects.In the increasingly competitive global environment, strengthening the multi-level exchanges and cooperation between the two sides of the Straits was necessary and could provide new ideas and technology for the development of high quality and environment-friendly agriculture, new energy plants and industrial raw materials, and healthy food and new drugs etc, and could further promote the sustainable development of socio-economy of both sides.