Abstract: This paper analyzed the grain trade situations in major grain trading nations within ChinaASEAN Free Trade Area and the changes of the grain trade conditions after the establishment of ChinaASEAN Free Trade Area. It was found that the establishment of the free trade area improved the trade environment and conditions for grain products.With the perspectives of exchange rate, the reliance on external grain market, the comparative price changes of imports and exports, and technological advancement, this paper further explored the factors influencing the changes of trade condition. It was concluded that the improvement of the trade conditions within ChinaASEAN Free Trade Area was due to the decline of the dependent degree for grain outside the free trade and the technological progress caused by the relative changes of import and export prices.Finally, the solutions for improving trade condition, such as promoting technological progress of grain products, optimizing industrial structure, and reducing the reliance on the outside grain market were put forward.