Objective/Meaning The population aging has been a serious problem in China at present. By analyzing the impact of pension insurance on the willingness to delay retirement, encouraging the majority of rural residents to stay in the labor market, and developing and utilizing the elderly human resources, it was conducive to reducing the pension burden and better implementing the delayed retirement policy, which was in line with the changing needs of the current national conditions in China.

Methods/Procedures Based on the relevant data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2020, the binary Logistics regression and OLS regression analysis methods were used to analyze the willingness of rural residents to delay retirement and their planned retirement age.

Results/Conclusions The results showed that the pension insurance had a significant positive effect on the willingness of rural residents in China to delay retirement and their planned retirement age. In addition, for the rural residents of different genders and from different regions, the positive effect of pension insurance on their willingness to delay retirement exhibited some differences, and the significance of male and the eastern and western regions was higher. Based on this, some policy suggestions were put forward, including gradually implementing the delayed retirement policy, setting up the incentive and guidance mechanism, ensuring the workers’ voice and suggestions, and formulating the targeted delayed retirement scheme.