Objective/Meaning  The development of new quality productive forces in agriculture is the core of promoting the agricultural high-quality development. At present, the agricultural science and technology innovation in China is at a critical stage of transitioning from “partial breakthrough” to “overall efficiency improvement”. So, it is urgent to build an efficient central-local collaborative innovation mechanism to break the administrative barriers, integrate the scientific and technological resources, and improve the efficiency of agricultural science and technology collaborative research.

Methods/Procedures  By combing the theoretical basis and historical evolution of the central-local collaborative innovation in agriculture, the difficulties and challenges it faced under the new situation were systematically analyzed. Then, by taking the Agricultural High-quality Development Surpassing Collaborative Innovation Project jointly implemented by Fujian Province and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example, the practical results and realistic bottlenecks of the collaborative model were analyzed from the perspectives of scientific and technological resource allocation, project layout, talent sharing and policy incentives.

Results/Conclusions  The results showed that: the central-local coordination could effectively empower the improvement of new quality productive forces in agriculture by optimizing the layout of scientific and technological resources, strengthening the coordination of scientific research, promoting the two-way flow of talents and improving the policy support system. The case of Fujian showed that: the collaborative engineering has achieved initial results in integrating the resources and focusing on the key areas, but there were still some bottlenecks such as poor mechanism convergence and insufficient incentives. Therefore, in the future, it was necessary to further strengthen the top-level design, improve the project coordination and achievement sharing mechanism, build a long-term talent exchange platform, and increase the policy incentives, thus to improve the central-local collaborative innovation system and continue to drive the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture.