Objective/Meaning This paper aimed to comprehensively understand the status quo of the spatial differentiation of hollowing out of rural population in the counties of Fujian Province and its influencing factors.

Methods/Procedures Based on the data of the seventh population census in Fujian Province, and on the basis of the comprehensive evaluation of the hollowing degree of rural population, the spatial differentiation rule was studied by using the methods such as ESDA-GIS, and then the multiple linear regression model was established to explore the influencing factors.

Results/Conclusions The results showed that: (1) There were different degrees of hollowness of rural population in the counties of Fujian Province, showing significant regional differences between the coastal and inland areas and between the counties around municipal districts and the counties around non-municipal districts. (2) The degree of hollowness of rural population showed a trend of spatial agglomeration. The high-high agglomeration areas were mainly distributed in the less developed counties in the inland mountainous area, while the low-low agglomeration areas were mainly distributed in the economically well-developed counties in the coastal areas. (3) Except for the insignificant effect of regional differentiation, the lower the per capita disposable income of rural residents was, the lower the proportion of rural population participating in the subsistence allowances was, the larger the sown area of food crops was and the higher the proportion of educational expenditure in the fiscal expenditure was, the higher the hollowing degree of rural population would be.