Objective/Meaning  Based on the characteristics and risk factors of the large-scale poverty returning, a long-term mechanism to prevent the return to poverty on a large scale was constructed, in order to provide suggestions and decision-making basis for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and preventing the return to poverty of rural population on a large scale.

  Methods/Procedures  By using the method of literature research, the risk impact of natural disasters, diseases and public health emergencies on the large-scale poverty returning was explored, and the effect of the risk factors on the large-scale poverty returning of rural residents was analyzed. Then, the construction of the long-term mechanism to prevent the return to poverty was put forward.

  Results/Conclusions  The study considered that in order to prevent the rural population from returning to poverty on a large scale, it was necessary to focus on the construction of a long-term mechanism for preventing the return to poverty, including improving the dynamic monitoring mechanism for returning to poverty on a large scale, establishing a prevention-oriented health poverty alleviation mechanism and improving the emergency management mechanism for preventing the return to poverty in rural areas.