Objective/Meaning  The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have deployed to further promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, emphasizing the agricultural efficiency. And the agricultural efficiency could not be improved without the scientific and technological innovation and the institutional innovation.

  Methods/Procedures  By using the research methods such as the comparative analysis, and by analyzing the indexes which could better represent the degree of agricultural scientific and technological innovation including the intensity of R & D input in the hilly areas of southeast China and the amount of application for authorization of new plant variety right, the research was carried out on the innovation mode of the overall agricultural science and technology in China.

  Results/Conclusions  The results showed that the structure of new plant varieties in China tended to be perfect, but the structure was still unreasonable. The innovation ability of agricultural science and technology in our country has been gradually strengthened, but the development was unbalanced among the regions. The innovation mode of agricultural science and technology in China had some problems, such as the imperfect construction of agricultural information system, insufficient investment intensity of scientific research capital, poor quality of rural labor force and weak innovation ability. In order to solve these problems, it was necessary to increase the guidance and investment of the government, increase the participation of scientific research institutions, and establish and improve the evaluation mechanism of scientific research results.