Objective/Meaning  As the main organization of labor rights protection, the trade unions are the important force in the institutionalization of the handling of labor relations. However, the actual role of trade union organizations in the employment process of migrant workers has been questioned.

  Methods/Procedures  Based on the data of China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) in 2018, the least square method (OLS) and propensity score matching method (PMS) were used to analyze whether the activities of trade union organizations could improve the employment quality of migrant workers.

  Results/Conclusions  The results showed that trade union organizations could significantly improve the overall employment quality of migrant workers. From the specific perspective, the trade union organizations could give play to the effects of collective negotiation and contract protection, and have significant positive effects on increasing the wage income of farmers, increasing the signing rate of fixed labor contracts, and improving the pension insurance and medical insurance of employees. However, the trade union organizations could not reduce the working hours per week and the work intensity of migrant workers. In short, the trade union organizations still played a very quite important role and an active action in safeguarding the employment rights and interests of migrant workers, a vulnerable group. Finally, according to the above conclusions, the relevant policy recommendations were put forward.