Objective/Meaning  The analysis of the development process and practice of realizing the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture in Taiwan region could provide some experience for the transformation of small-scale peasant economy in Chinese mainland.

  Methods/Procedures  Based on the field investigation in Taiwan, the main development process of agricultural modernization in Taiwan was explored, and the practice and experience of Taiwan in the problems such as land fragmentation, agricultural scale and agricultural management mode were emphatically analyzed.

  Results/Conclusions  The results showed that Taiwan has realized the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture mainly through the establishment and improvement of a series of agricultural management systems including peacefully promoting the land reform and establishing the agricultural organizations, etc., as well as the application of science and technology to develop leisure agriculture. According to the actual situation in Chinese mainland, the countermeasures were put forward including timely reforming to gradually promote the scale operation, strengthening the role of agricultural organizations to enhance the ideological education of farmers, and advocating the green ecological concept to develop the leisure agriculture, etc.