Objective/Meaning  The rural domestic waste accounts for half of the overall amount of waste in China. Establishing a modern rural environmental governance system is not only a practical need, but also an important measure to improve the grass-roots governance system.

  Methods/Procedures  Based on the purpose of systematic development of scientific design theory, the rural domestic waste treatment system was constructed on the basis of comprehensively analyzing the policy framework of rural domestic waste treatment, the existing research on rural domestic waste treatment system and the practice of local domestic waste treatment.

  Results/Conclusions  Finally, a rural domestic waste treatment system was constructed, which was composed of five subsystems: capital guarantee system, rule of virtue and rule of law system, management system, collection, transportation and disposal system and participation in co-construction system. And the countermeasures for the development were put forward from the following aspects: cultivating the new villagers for environmental protection, establishing the basic service standards for rural waste treatment, improving the efficiency of collection, transportation and disposal, optimizing the management mechanism and supervision and stimulation, and establishing and perfecting the regulations for punishing the rural environmental pollution.