Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】China is not only a big beef producer but also a big beef importer, which makes the international competitiveness of beef export become one of the research hotspots in China’s beef cattle industry.Australia and New Zealand are powerful countries in the beef cattle industry. Comparing the international competitiveness of beef export in China, Australia and New Zealand, and studying how various factors affected the international competitiveness of beef export in China, would have certain theoretical and practical significance to improve the international competitiveness of beef export in China.【Methods/Procedures】The international trade status of beefamong China, Australia and New Zealand was described, and thenthe international market share (IMS), trade competitiveness index (TC), and revealed comparative advantage index (RCA) were used to measure and compare the international competitiveness of beef among the three countries. Last, the factors that affected the international competitiveness of beef exportwere analyzed by using the multiple regression model.【Results/Conclusions】The international competitiveness of Chinese beef export is not strong. The main factors affecting the international competitiveness of beef export included theper capita income level of one country, trade openness and the growth rate of population. By learning from the experiences of Australia and New Zealand, China should improve the breeds, strengthen the quality safety supervision of beef cattle, providing thegovernmental policy supports, paying attention to thetalent cultivationand vocational training, and constructingthe breeding mode of beef cattle with Chinese characteristics.