Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】The driving factors for the long-term operation of the scientific special commissioner system in Fujian Province were explored in this paper, thus to provide some suggestions for the policy formulation and the work of scientific special commissioners. 【Methods/Procedures】Based on the 12 policy texts of scientific special commissioners issued by Fujian Province, the system was coded layer by layer with the help of the grounded theory and NVivo software, and the internal mechanism of the long-term operation of the scientific special commissioner system was constructed, namely “idea guidance-resource integration-comprehensive management-target output”. 【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that the long-term operation of the scientific special commissioner system in Fujian Province was driven by the combined action of the correct idea guidance, abundant internal and external resource guarantee and perfect management system. Then, the policy suggestions were summarized including adhering to the idea of taking science and technology as the guidance to pay attention to the idea innovation, guaranteeing the funds and talent support to expand the external supervision and publicity, and strengthening the organizational construction to improve the incentive mechanism, etc.