Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】The motivation of the locational choice of Taiwan's agricultural investment in the Chinese mainland was explored in this paper,thus to promote the cross-strait agricultural exchanges and cooperation.【Methods/Procedures】The evolution process of the industrial structure of Taiwan's agricultural investment in the Chinese mainland was analyzed,as well as the characteristics of the investment,the characteristics of the objective areas and their changing process.And then,the influencing factors of the locational choice of Taiwan's agricultural investment in the Chinese mainland and the reasons for the change were explored.【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that the geographical location of Taiwan's agricultural direct investment in the Chinese mainland was moving northward and westward due to both the natural environmental factors and social factors.Taiwan's agricultural investment should make full use of the advantages of the Chinese mainland,seize the good opportunity of “going out” under the initiative of “One Belt and One Road”,and grasp the direction of policy actively,thus to promote the common development of agriculture.