Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】The agricultural scientific and technological innovation is the key to realize the agricultural and rural modernization,and its efficiency affects the level of regional economic development and the competitiveness of science and technology. The actual level of agricultural scientific and technological innovation in Sichuan Province at the present stage was understood in this paper,in order to improve the resource allocation of agricultural scientific and technological innovation in Sichuan Province,and help Sichuan Province to realize the transformation from a big agricultural province to a strong agricultural province. 【Methods/Procedures】Based on the specific data of 21 cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province in 2018 under the background of the new spatial layout and collaborative development strategy of “one trunk,multiple branches,and collaboration of five districts”,they were divided into five major economic regions,and the input and output index evaluation system of agricultural scientific and technological innovation was constructed. Then,the DEA model was used to analyze and calculate the comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agricultural scientific and technological innovation in Sichuan Province,and the projection results were optimized in combination with the estimation results. 【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that:(1) there was a large space for improvement in the comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agricultural scientific and technological innovation in Sichuan Province,and the best development was in Chengdu Plain Economic Zone,and the future development should be focused on the economic zone in eastern Sichuan;(2) Through the projection analysis and the input-output relaxation variable calculation,there were different degrees of input redundancy and output shortage in the process of innovation in Sichuan Province. Therefore,the countermeasures were put forward including optimizing the resource allocation of agricultural scientific and technological innovation elements to realize the sustainable development of the primary industry; accelerating the construction of agricultural science and technology service system to improve the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements; adopting the idea of regional coordinated development to gradually narrow the gap of agricultural scientific and technological innovation between regions,etc.