Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】 Since China's entry into the WTO, the scale of foreign trade in agricultural products has been continuously expanded, which has not only boosted the economic growth, but also affected the technological progress in various regions. The technology spillover effects of foreign trade in agricultural products were analyzed in this paper, with a view to helping the government to formulate policies to promote the progress of agricultural technology, optimize the structure of agricultural industry and boost the growth of agricultural productivity. 【Methods/Procedures】By using the DEA-Malmquist index method, the agricultural total factor productivity of each province was measured, and then the provincial panel data from 2002 to 2016 was selected to analyze the technology spillover effect of import and export trade in agricultural products by using the fixed effect model. 【Results/Conclusions】The results of the study showed that the impact of agricultural products trade on the total factor productivity was significantly positive, indicating that the foreign trade of agricultural products produced positive technology spillovers. In addition, human capital, investment in agricultural research funds, road infrastructure and agricultural production value to the total factor productivity had a positive impact, while the proportion of crop disaster had a negative impact on the total factor productivity. Therefore, the countermeasures were put forward including expanding the trade scale of agricultural products, increasing the investment of human capital, increasing the investment of road infrastructure and agricultural research funds, increasing the investment of agricultural disaster relief funds, thus to realize the sustainable development of agriculture.