Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】In the process of urbanization,the social and economic changes in rural areas are changing with each passing day,and the changes and even recession of traditional rural landscape are becoming increasingly serious.It is of positive significance to understand the changes and protection status of traditional rural landscape in ancient villages for the development planning of rural landscape.【Methods/Procedures】By choosing Zhixi Village,an ancient historical and cultural village in the western mountainous area of Fujian Province,as the research object in this study,the changes and protection of rural landscape were explored based on the results of the interview and questionnaire,and the process and characteristics of landscape change were analyzed,and then the current situation of protection and utilization and the causes of recession were systematically expounded.Last,the development suggestions were put forward.【Results/Conclusions】The changes in the rural landscape of Zhixi Village were mainly manifested in:nature and ecology were damaged;the traditional human landscape and artistic conception were losing;and the intangible cultural landscape and the carrier of expression were being impacted.The main reasons for the changes of rural landscapes were the change of land use mode,the change of rural population structure,the transformation of production mode,the spontaneity of rural development,and the change of people's concept brought by the development of urbanization.At present,the protection and development of rural landscape should focus on the protection of natural ecological landscape and the preservation and reconstruction of rural human landscape;raising the awareness of public participation and protection,giving full play to the advantages of ancient village landscape,and moderately developing the characteristic tourism industry.