Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】The deviation in the implementation of basic-level government in the rural subsistence allowance policy was explored and the countermeasures were put forward to improve the implementation efficiency of basic-level government in the rural subsistence allowance policy. 【Methods/Procedures】Through the methods such as literature reading, website browsing, field research, the deviation problems of basic-level government in the implementation of rural subsistence allowance policy were sorted out, and the reasons were further analyzed, and then the countermeasures were put forward. 【Results/Conclusions】Due to the reasons such as the shortage of professional standards for basic-level government workers, difficulty in accurately determining the income of low objects, and the obstacle of communication between workers and the insured group, there were some problems such as low working efficiency of basic-level subsistence allowance, fuzzy orientation of the low objects, and contradiction between the staffs and the insured groups. Then, the countermeasures were put forward including strengthening the specialization establishment of workers for subsistence allowance, scientifically and rationally screening out the low objects, and strengthening the communication between basic-level government workers and rural poverty-stricken population.