Abstract: 【Objective/Meaning】Under the new situation, the analysis of the relationship between Taiwanese investment in agriculture and the agricultural development in the Chinese mainland can expand the research ideas of agricultural investment and better promote the cross-strait agricultural cooperation and exchange.【Methods/Procedures】Based on the agricultural investment data of Taiwan businessmen in mainland China and the agricultural GDP data of mainland China from 1991 to 2016, the vector autoregression model and error correction model were used to analyze the distribution features of Taiwanese investment in agriculture in mainland China and its relationship with the development of agricultural economy in the Chinese mainland. 【Results/Conclusions】For a long time, the agricultural investment from Taiwan businessmen and agricultural development in the Chinese mainland were mutually Granger causality, and the agricultural investment from Taiwan businessmen and agricultural economic growth in the Chinese mainland were mutually promoting. Taiwanese agricultural investment had a significant positive impact on the agricultural development in mainland China, with the variance contribution rate being stable at about 22%. The positive impact of the mainland's agricultural development on Taiwanese agricultural investment was very significant, and the variance contribution rate was stable at about 70%. The analysis through VEC model showed that Taiwanese agricultural investment and mainland's agricultural development had a mutual promotion effect in the short term, but it was not significant.