Abstract: The new rural cooperative medical care system (hereinafter referred to as NCMS) is an important measure to protect the basic medical level of farmers. A household survey on some farmers in Wuping of Fujian was conducted to understand the farmers’ cognitive level to the NCMS, the impact of the implementation of NCMS on farmers, the satisfaction with the NCMS after the farmers participated in the NCMS, the impact of the NCMS on the level of medical facilities and medical expenses, as well as the main factors affecting the participation rate of NCMS in Wuping. Then, according to the survey results, the problems existed in the implementation process of NCMS were summarized and some feasible suggestions were put forward.