Abstract: Based on the three-dimensional Shapley poverty variance decomposition method, the effects of economical growth, income distribution and price changes on rural poverty changes were analyzed. By introducing the price factors into the pro-poor growth index, the pro-poorness of rural growth was measured. And by using the growth curve, and combining with the percentile-specific consumer price indices, the changes in the average income growth rate of each percentile were observed. Then, on this basis, the poverty reduction equivalent growth rate was used to comprehensively evaluate the pro-poorness of China’s rural growth from 1990 to 2009. The results showed that rural growth was weekly pro-poor in absolute sense, income distribution and prices shift affected the process of poverty reduction, and the heterogeneity of inflation was an important factor in the judgment of pro-poor growth.