Abstract: "One Belt and One Road” is a major adjustment of China’s openingup strategy. It’s not only a major decision for the Mainland’s economy to response to global challenges, but also an important opportunity for deepening the crossstrait economic and trade cooperation. Under the new situation of “One Belt and One Road”, the economic and trade cooperation between the Mainland and Taiwan is faced with great opportunities and challenges. Based on statistical analysis, the basis and the reason for the crossstrait economic and trade cooperation to participate in the strategy of “One Belt and One Road” were analyzed. Then, the opportunities and challenges faced in the crossstrait economic and trade cooperation under the strategy of “One Belt and One Road”and its path selection were elaborated.