Abstract: The young professional peasants are the fundamental guarantee for the development of modern agriculture. And the Chinese mainland and Taiwan are both faced with the problems such as the aged tendency of agricultural population and the shortage of agricultural successors. Through the overall strategy of policy support, counseling training and integrated services, Taiwan has integrated the relevant resources to build a platform, forming a good environment for the cultivation of young professional farmers. From the three aspects of historical background, stage evolution and main strategies, the cultivation situation of young professional peasants in Taiwan was introduced. Then, the countermeasures on the cultivation of young professional peasants in the Chinese mainland were put forward in terms of policy support, cultivating resources and basic environment.