Abstract: As the in-depth development of foreign trade, the residents’ income level of Fujian has increased significantly, but also faced with the problem of the urban and rural residents income gap. By selecting economic statistics of Fujian from 2001 to 2014, and using the methods of correlation analysis and causal analysis, the relationship between the foreign trade and income distribution of urban and rural residents in Fujian and the specific influencing mechanism were empirically analyzed. Then, the conclusion was drawn that: the influence of foreign trade on income distribution in Fujian was mainly reflected in the improvement of overall welfare level, while its influence on income gap was very limited.