Abstract: The land is fundamental to farmers’ survival, and is also an essential part of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy. At present, there has been an obvious trend of non-agricultural land in China, and the non-agricultural land has double effects on our economy. The current situation of non-agricultural land in our country was elaborated in this paper. Then, the positive and negative effects of it on economy and society were analyzed. Last, the countermeasures were put forward from three aspects including grasping the amount and efficiency of land resources in a whole, increasing input to improve the quality of cultivated land, raising the protection consciousness and supervision of cultivated land, thus to deal with non-agricultural land.